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Joined 1 year ago
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Cake day: June 9th, 2023

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  • There absolutely are, but I’m not super familiar with all of the consequences of majorana neutrinos. /u/drail@fedia.io might be able to provide a better answer. My background is experimental nuclear physics, so I’m familiar a lot of experiments searching for beyond the standard model physics, but less so with the theory motivation.

    One consequence of neutrinos being their own antiparticles is that it breaks lepton number conservation. This also breaks chiral symmetry, since all neutrinos are right-handed and anti-neutrinos are left-handed. This observation would also imply that neutrinos have mass - which is assumed but would be a really big deal to prove.



  • Despite space being “empty” there’s still a surprising amount of stuff streaming through it. There are protons, electrons, carbon nuclei, etc constantly slamming into the Earth’s atmosphere, producing showers of radiation. These cosmic rays are the reason so many sensitive physics experiments ( like dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay searches) are located deep underground. The earth is a good shield against these cosmic backgrounds.

    Even if there was an “isolated” antimatter galaxy, it would get bombarded with matter in the form of cosmic rays. The annihilation photons are a really distinct signal that would be hard to miss. There are a number of gamma ray telescopes in space that map out sources of gammas, and they would have detected an antimatter galaxy if it existed.

    If the antimatter galaxies are so far away that they’re beyond the visible universe, then there’s still the big question of why there was a segregation of matter and antimatter early on.


  • You’re not alone; matter-antimatter asymmetry is one of the big open questions in physics. Most particle processes treat matter and antimatter identically, but there are a few areas where matter and antimatter have slightly different interactions. These occurrences are violations of Charge Parity symmetry aka CP Violation.

    There must have been a certain amount of CP violation during the early phases of the Big Bang to explain our matter-dominated universe. But the known amounts of CP Violation are nowhere near enough to explain the asymmetry in matter and antimatter. There are some proposed mechanisms that would violate CP symmetry in sufficient quantities, but these haven’t been experimentally observed. There are ongoing searches to detect these processes, or related processes that would be possible if these existed. Neutrinoless double beta decay searches are one example of these detection efforts.

    In summary, there’s a guaranteed Nobel Prize to whoever can answer your question.






  • Idk how a 10 minute drive is a half hour walk. Average walking speed is 3 mph, so a half hour is 1.5 miles. If you’re driving that in 10 minutes, you’re only averaging 9 mph.

    I don’t mean to pile on here because I understand your frustration. I grew up in NYC where basically no one drives, and didn’t get a driver’s license until my 30s when I moved to California for work. Even then I put off getting a car for years, since I like walking and don’t mind “decent” public transit.

    But it just became impossible to continue. My commute was an hour and 45 minutes (one way), with about 40 minutes of walking, a train and a bus. I like walking but when it was over 100 degrees in the summer, or raining, or a wildfire smoke day it was miserable. The buses run every 30 minutes so if there’s a missed connection the commute becomes over 2 hours (still just one way). And the train has only 1 line so when there’s a mechanical issue you’re out of luck and just have to call an Uber anyway.

    I finally broke down and got a car. My commute is now 30 minutes each way. The gas for my commute is somehow cheaper than the public transit. It’s ridiculous and it shouldn’t be this way, but it is.